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    貴州叉車:延長叉車蓄電池壽命使用技巧

    鉛酸蓄電池的維護和(he)注(zhu)意事項 
      一、電(dian)池充、放電(dian)時,電(dian)池液位的變化情況: 
      1、電(dian)池放電(dian)時(shi):電(dian)池液滲入(ru)電(dian)池極板孔(kong)隙內,所以電(dian)池液液位會下降。 
      2、電池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電時:電池(chi)(chi)液(ye)(ye)被排出電池(chi)(chi)極板的孔隙,所(suo)以電池(chi)(chi)液(ye)(ye)液(ye)(ye)位會上升。 
     二、關于(yu)電池液的損耗: 
      1、電(dian)池(chi)在充電(dian)時(shi),尤其是接近(jin)氣(qi)化階段(Cassing Condition),電(dian)學反應是電(dian)池(chi)液的(de)水(shui)份被(bei)電(dian)解。以氫(H)和氧(O)的(de)氣(qi)體(ti)溢出,從而使電(dian)池(chi)液容量減(jian)少,濃度增加(jia)。 
      2、電池(chi)在(zai)放電時(shi),也會出現上述反應(ying),但沒(mei)有充(chong)電時(shi)強烈,但在(zai)大電流連(lian)續(xu)放電時(shi),上述反應(ying)失水也相(xiang)當強烈。
      3、在激烈(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)化學(xue)反應中,如果電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)液(ye)液(ye)位過高,則排出的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)體會帶著電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)液(ye)一(yi)(yi)起飛濺溢(yi)出,從而電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)液(ye)液(ye)位下降(其中電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)液(ye)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)硫(liu)酸H2SO4隨著電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)液(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溢(yi)出而損失)。如果利用補(bu)充純水(shui)保持液(ye)位,則會使電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)液(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)液(ye)度(du)變化(即電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)液(ye)比重不足(zu))。由于各個(ge)單元(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)液(ye)飛濺溢(yi)出情況不一(yi)(yi)樣,經(jing)這(zhe)(zhe)樣補(bu)水(shui)后(hou)各個(ge)單元(yuan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)比重不一(yi)(yi)致,形成(cheng)各單元(yuan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)位差(cha),從而影響電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)效能(neng)。所以在電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)使用中要力求避免這(zhe)(zhe)種情況出現。 
      三、為(wei)什么(me)要補充純水(shui): 
      1、要(yao)求在任何時候不論電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)液液位變(bian)化如何,電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)液都(dou)須浸沒(mei)極板(極板不可露出電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)液),這樣(yang)才能充分發揮它在設(she)計(ji)上的要(yao)求(容量)。電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)容量與(yu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)極板所(suo)接觸的電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)液的面積(ji)有(you)關(guan)。 
      2、電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在運作中應保持電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)液應有的(de)(de)濃度及各個單(dan)元電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)濃度的(de)(de)一致性。否則各個單(dan)元電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)之(zhi)間(jian)存在電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)差,產生(sheng)環流而影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組的(de)(de)效率。電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)液的(de)(de)濃度有關。 
      3、正確補充水(shui)對電池的效能(neng)和(he)使用壽命(ming)有重(zhong)要影響且(qie)可減(jian)少和(he)降低硫酸鹽化。 
      四、怎樣補充水(shui): 
      1、須在電(dian)池充(chong)滿電(dian)后1-2小(xiao)時內進行 
      2、在(zai)電(dian)池(chi)使用之后,測量液位(以防濺板為(wei)基準),應仍(reng)可(確認在(zai)上個充放電(dian)周期內電(dian)池(chi)極板沒有外露)檢出。 
      3、補水后液(ye)位(wei)應高于(yu)防濺(jian)板5-10 mm,但不可過高(以防濺(jian)板為(wei)基(ji)準)。 
      4、經(jing)過(guo)若干個充(chong)放電(dian)周期后(hou),把電(dian)池(chi)液充(chong)電(dian)至不能再充(chong)時,測電(dian)池(chi)液比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)(zhong),若比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)(zhong)過(guo)低或各(ge)個單元電(dian)池(chi)比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)(zhong)不一致,則應加硫酸。把比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)(zhong)重(zhong)(zhong)新調(diao)整到(dao)(1.27-1.29)G/CM3之(zhi)間(使(shi)各(ge)個單元電(dian)池(chi)液比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)(zhong)接(jie)近一致)。調(diao)整后(hou)再進行充(chong)電(dian)使(shi)電(dian)池(chi)液均勻(yun),此(ci)項要由專業人員負責進行。 
      五、注意事項: 
      1、在正常使用(yong)時,一(yi)個充(chong)放電周(zhou)期內,一(yi)個單元電池(chi)(chi)的(de)水分(fen)損失約4ml /100Ah的(de)水量。例:一(yi)個500Ah 的(de)單元電池(chi)(chi)大約應補充(chong)20 ml的(de)純水。 
      2、補水后,電池液(ye)的(de)液(ye)位務必不可超(chao)出防濺板10mm ,原(yuan)因(yin)為: 
       A.液位過高,電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)液容量接(jie)觸到電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)極(ji)板間連焊接(jie)的鋁(lv)排,會形成電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)液的離子(zi)污染,從(cong)而使電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組放電(dian)(dian)加強,損害電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量和(he)壽命。 
      B.液位過高在電化學(xue)反應時會(hui)引(yin)起電池液飛濺(jian)溢(yi)出,導致(zhi) 電池液濃(nong)度降(jiang)低,從而降(jiang)低電池容量和電池電壓。且飛濺(jian)出的電池液會(hui)對(dui)車體和電池造(zao)成腐蝕作用(yong)。 

      3、如電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)液位不足,則在電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)使用(yong)時,電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)極(ji)板上端部分(fen)會外(wai)露于電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)液,這(zhe)樣就減少電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)極(ji)板參與電(dian)(dian)(dian)化學(xue)反(fan)應的面積從而(er)降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的容(rong)量。


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